Offer starts on jan 8, 2020 and expires on sept 30, 2020. It is a cereal grain which was first grown by people in ancient central america. Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice. It is designed to senre as a basic reference document for. Headquartered in mexico, cimmyt is engaged in a worldwide research programme for maize, wheat. Maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout america with 332 million metric tons per annum in us alone. Land preparation use any method mechanical, chemical and manual that can adequately remove weeds and keep the soil loose for good seedbed. This document is be more addressed to aspects related to post harvest system of the maize, but is convenient also to give the reader some important issues and details to familiarize with this fabulous foodgrain.
Context and background on maize and its wild relatives. Maize milling technologies food fortification initiative. The characterization of 529 magic maize lines shows that the population is a balanced, evenly differentiated mosaic of the eight founders, with mapping power and resolution strengthened by high minor allele frequencies and a fast decay of linkage disequilibrium. Pests of root, stem, ear and tassel 51 section 3 diseases of maize and their management 3.
Collaboration in agriculture and forestry, march 2008. Latin american maize germplasm regeneration and conservation. The word maize derives from the spanish form of the indigenous taino word for the plant, mahiz. The crowded street was a maze of pushing and screaming people. However, little of this maize is eaten directly by humans. India produces only 11 million tones of maize where as usa produces 250 million tones. Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples log in dictionary. Maize simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Maize is also recognized by different synonyms such as zea, corn, silk corn etc. White maize also means maize grains which are white and pink in colour, provided the pink colour covers less than 5. Maize definition, chiefly in british and technical usage corn1def 1. The word corn outside north america, australia, and new zealand refers to any cereal crop, its meaning understood to vary geographically to refer to the local staple. Travel brands must ensure they achieve tangible results from social strategies such as boosting lead generation and sales by developing unique content that appeals to the different audiences on each social platform, maise hunns writes. Proceedings of a workshop held at cimmyt, june 16, 1996.
Chemical composition of the maize kernel components % carbohydrates 84,0 protein 10,9 fat 4,5 minerals 1,3 table 1. Similar to the conservation of the mapkkk motif in arabidopsis and rice, the zik family in maize shared the conserved domain gtpefmape lv yf fig aa in s5 file, and the mekk family in maize had the conserved domain g ts px wf mapev fig ab in s5 file. This document provides an overview of baseline biological information relevant to risk assessment of genetically modified forms of the species that may be released into the. Though maize farmers are well aware of the advantages of hybrid, lack of quality seed is one of the most important constraints to increased production and productivity. Advantages and disadvantages of pdf format logaster. This document describes the particular condition of maize and its wild relatives. Seed has been, and still is, the most important limiting factor in maize production in pakistan. Maize is the third most important crop of the world, serving as staple food to billions of people in subsaharan africa, latin america and asia. Regeneration, in situ conservation, core collection, and prebreeding. Snp genotyping technologies and increased availability of markers provide the opportunity to employ genotyping as a lowcost and robust component of this qc. Click the upload files button and select up to 20 html files or zip archives containing html, images and stylesheets.
Affymetrix support by product for genechip maize genome array. William johnson, former extension agronomist wheat and feed grains, for his significant contributions to this handbook. Most is used to make corn ethanol, animal feed and other maize products, such as corn starch and corn syrup. A fundamental creative act of american man was the development of maize. China was the original source of the waxy gene wx, but waxy mutations also happened in usa with dent strains.
Mill size maize meal extraction rate % kernel components for conversion to maize flour. Maize also known as indian corn or simply as corn, is a food crop of considerable importance in many parts of the world, especially in the u. Instantly convert html files to pdf format with this free online converter. Maize has multiple uses, including for human foods, animal feeds, and the manufacture of pharmaceutical and industrial products. It is now the third most important cereal crop in the world. Maize can be processed for a range of uses both as an ingredient in food or drinks, eg corn syrup in soft drinks or maize meal, or for industrial purposes. In this article we will discuss about the origin and cultivation of maize. At the end of your monthly term, you will be automatically renewed at the promotional monthly subscription rate until the end of the promo period, unless you elect to. Maize with a high percentage of translucent of hard endosperm is preferred by the dry milling industry, because it produces more of the popular highquality and highvalue products sought after than does soft maize. For example, in usa the maize dominates agriculture with a production more than double that of any other crop. The maize represents to all maize based groups a source of life. Nutritional, medicinal and economical importance of corn.
This waxy maize is composed entirely of amyl pectin, in contrast with common maize which contains approximately 78 percent of starch and 22. Center of origin mexico, central america earliest plant breeders women important source of human and animal sustenance the miracle of maize is manifested in the thousands. Gm crops are now commercially planted on about 100 million hectares in some 22 developed and developing countries. Other colour maize is defined as all maize grains whose colour is different than colour of designated maize yellow, white and red as per follow. Maize chloroplast and mitochondrial genes have been characterised in detail, with a focus on cytoplasmic. Of the total coarse cereals, maize accounts for almost threefourths and barley accounts for 15%. The maize is the most domesticated and evolutioned plant of the vegetal kingdom, however the origin and evolution of the maize is a mystery, since it has arrived to us highly evolutioned without intermediate forms, while the cereals from the old. Its genetic variation has been characterized by using molecular markers and by sequencing multiple. There is another type of maize named as waxy due to somewhat waxy appearance of the kernel. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Annotation csv files for the exon arrays are split into a probeset level annotation file and a transcript cluster level annotation file.
Among all cereals, maize occupies the fifth largest in area, fourth largest in output, and third largest in yield in the world. Maize called corn in some countries is zea mays, a member of the grass family poaceae. Jan 17, 2016 use pdf download to do whatever you like with pdf files on the web and regain control. Maize food and agriculture organization of the united nations.
Introduction corn, commonly known as maize zea mays l. It is mainly used as a food source and now has become the most important raw material for animal feed pimentel and patzek, 2005. Maize definition and meaning collins english dictionary. In fact, native mesoamericans continue to develop maize on more than one million small farms in mexico.
Examples of maize land races specifically adapted to special conditions are. Management of hybrid maize seed production fields 19 1. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Preparation of silage from whole maize plants phase of. Various definitions of isfm have been proposed, including. Growing maize in nigeria choice of land any well drained sandy loam or loamy soil can be used for planting maize but if in doubt, contact your nearest extension office or agroservice center. Argentina, brazil, china and india are the largest developingcountry producersoftransgeniccrops. Large 70 75 endosperm with some pericarp and germ medium 65 70 endosperm, pericarp and germ small 60 65 endosperm little or no pericarp and germ. The name corn is given to the leading cereal crop of any major region.
Genetic modification of maize has been occurring for thousands of years. Web to pdf convert any web pages to highquality pdf files while retaining page layout, images, text and. The share of maize cobs was about 9% of total above ground biomass. Pdf format is used for storage and transmission of textual and graphical information on the internet. Corn production handbook university of arkansas, united states department of agriculture, and county governments cooperating. Teosinte ear from a plant with a maize allele of t ga1 introgressed into it. Corn harvested for silage is an important feed crop, where cropland often is. Maize is a major staple food crop grown in diverse agroecological zones and farming systems, and consumed by people with varying food preferences and socio. Usa is the number one produces followed by china, brazil and mexico. Maize is a tall plant which produces long objects covered with yellow seeds called.
Maize is the most important food crop in the w orld for people and animal due to its high quality nutrition. Maize is the third most important cereal crop species in the world after wheat and. Mexico safeguards the main genetic diversity of maize and its wild relative teosinte, both plants. Maize definition in the cambridge english dictionary. Types of maize in traditional lowinput cultivation in africa. Types of maize free download as powerpoint presentation. Spring maize is one of the success stories in pakistani agriculture. Quality control qc of germplasm identity and purity is a critical component of breeding and conservation activities. Thechoiceofgmcropsvaries among the developing countries, with insect resistant. Maize is the major source of starch world wide, and is used as a food ingredient, either in its native form or chemically modified white 1994. Center of origin mexico, central america earliest plant breeders women important source of human and animal sustenance the miracle of maize is manifested in the thousands of ways that the grain has been used for years.
Maize definition is a tall annual cereal grass zea mays originally domesticated in mexico and widely grown for its large elongated ears of starchy seeds. It is a common food source which may be processed into e. The development of quality control genotyping approaches. The whole maize plant should be harvested by cutting it 1012 cm from the ground. The international maize and wheat improvement center cimmyt is an internationally funded, nonprofit scientific research and training organization. Genomewide patterns of genetic variation among elite. In this view, cash crops and nonfarm activities offer smallholders with limited land a pathway out of poverty. Production of these cereals is stagnating at around 30 million tonnes. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Rnaseq analysis reveals mapkkk family members related to.
We produced 1,636 magic maize recombinant inbred lines derived from eight genetically diverse founder lines. On a daily basis, we can access from maize about 66. The particles of the maize plant, when chopping it for silage should be between one and three centimeters in length, although the optimal length depends on the vegetation phase as shown in the table. The grain called corn in the united states is indian corn or maize zea mays mays. The leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits. Types of maize maize popcorn free 30day trial scribd. Apr 16, 2020 maize countable and uncountable, plural maizes corn. No other crop utilises sunlight more effectively than maize, and its yield per ha is the highest of all grain crops. This implies that policies to eliminate poverty should be marketled, and give priority to raising household incomes.
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